How a Family Alcoholism Intervention Works

How a Family Alcoholism Intervention Works Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print How a Family Alcoholism Intervention Works By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Updated on January 31, 2020 fizkes / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Sometimes when the addicts or alcoholics problems reach the crisis level, the only choice left to his family is professional intervention. What is a family intervention? Basically, it comes down to confronting the alcoholic with how his drinking has affected everyone around him. The alcoholics family, friends, and employers tell the alcoholic in their own words how his (or her) drinking has been a problem in their lives. But it is not as simple as that. If not done properly, a poorly-planned intervention attempt can cause the family more, deeper and long-lasting problems. Professional Help Can Avoid Disaster Interventions should be carefully planned and developed by professional substance abuse counselors who are experienced in such procedures. The only purpose of an intervention is to get the alcoholic to go into a treatment program. Most alcohol and drug treatment centers have counselors who are trained to help families prepare for the confrontation, which always takes place in a controlled environment, specifically selected to put the alcoholic in a position in which he is most likely to listen. Many times these interventions take place in the workplace, with the full cooperation of the employer. Sometimes, the intervention comes as a total surprise to the alcoholic, but recently new techniques have been developed in which the members of the intervention team tell the alcoholic that they are talking with a counselor about his drinking problem several days prior to the actual intervention. Do Family Interventions Work? With the new method, the alcoholic realizes that the most important people in his life are meeting about his problem, and when he is finally invited to the discussion, he does not feel as ambushed as with the earlier intervention techniques. If the alcoholic does decide to enter the treatment center, he is more apt to be less angry than with the former procedure of surprising him with the confrontation. He feels less manipulated and usually enters the program with the attitude of trying to get better from the start. With the old method, many times the alcoholic agreed to the treatment, but started the recovery process with an attitude. Some Risks Are Involved Professional intervention is not an option for every family and every situation. The decision to choose the intervention path is one that should be made carefully and with the advice of an experienced counselor. There are some potential risks. As one health care professional put it: There are a fair number of substance abuse treatment centers who have stopped doing these interventions because when the intervention fails, as it sometimes inevitably does, the family can be further torn apart by all the bad feelings about the intervention. Not a small point for a family already on the edge of destruction from having an actively alcoholic member. Dealing With a Failed Intervention The intervention may fail if the alcoholic doesnt make some important transitions during and after formal treatment, but the alcoholic identified patient may very well storm out of the intervention session and the family will have to pick up the pieces of a failed intervention on top of the rest of their problems. There are others who believe no intervention can be successful in the long run, because of their experience that most alcoholics cant be helped until they are ready to reach out for help on their own. Although the confrontation itself may, in fact, put the alcoholic in the frame of mind to be ready to get help, it can also be a point of resentment in the future. Success Depends on the Alcoholics Commitment There is no known cure for alcoholism. It can be treated, but never cured. The intervention will work only if the alcoholic becomes committed to never take another drink. If the alcoholics problems have progressed so that he has become a danger to himself or others, or if his alcoholism has reached the point that he is no longer capable of looking out for himself, an intervention can be a life-saving choice. But it is not a permanent cure. Only the alcoholic himself can turn a 28-day treatment program into a life-long program of recovery. Deciding to approach the alcoholic in your life with a confrontational intervention can produce some potentially very undesirable consequences.

Journalism Is The Intermediate Agent - 947 Words

Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Amendment I that â€Å"The basis of our governments being the opinion of the people, the very first object should be to keep that right; and were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers, or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.† People have a desire to know what is exactly happing in their community, their country, and also the other side of the world. In fact, journalism is the intermediate agent to disseminate the news and knowledge as widely as possible to audiences. People would propose their own opinion rather than believing in what government tells them, and the public opinion would affect government’s action. As a result, journalism absolutely it has a significant political impact on society either directly or indirectly The History of American journalism began in 1690, when Benjamin Harris published the first edition of Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick in Boston . Due to the technologies advancement, the form of journalism became diversity such as telegraph, radio, photography, television, blog and electronic news page. Journalism’s duty is to follow an affair, collect and prepare information, and transmit it. A high quality piece of news should report the reality accurately, analyze the content without bias, and appeal readers` thought. Journalism, especially political journalism, plays an important role in shaping the public opinionShow MoreRelatedInformation Systems Have Changed the Way We Collaborate and Work in Significant Ways1987 Words   |  8 Pagesorganisation changes the way of companys management, in particular the management efficiency. Entity business enterprise management is divided into three parts: top leaders, intermediate leaders and grass-roots employee. Top leaders pass information to intermediate leaders, grass-roots staffs opinion is fed back to top leaders. For intermediate leaders the most important functions is to transmit information. At the same time, every one working in business enterprise is assigned to different grades, to someRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesof Women Voters PCSW Protective Legislation NOW Equal Rights Amendment Sexual Harassment   Title IX/Violence Against Women Act/Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act Executive Order 9066 Korematsu v. U.S. Rational Basis Test Intermediate Scrutiny Strict Scrutiny Suspect Classification AIM Mexican American Legal Defense Americans with Disabilities Act GLAAD De Jure Segregation De Facto Segregation Study Questions: Who started Affirmative Action programsRead MoreEssay on The Violation of Human Rights in Cuba2759 Words   |  12 Pagesfundamental for a democratic regime. Radio, television, and the print media are rather instruments of ideological imposition that follow the dictates of the group in power and are used to transmit the messages from that group to the grass roots and the intermediate levels. The main newspapers in Cuba reflect only the viewpoints of the government. Only to a very limited extent do they report on the debates that take place within the high-level officials of the state. As a result, self- criticism is also limitedRead MoreMarketing Planning Process9555 Words   |  39 Pagesdifferent channels of distribution are: †¢ Vendors. The group has employed over 250 vendors in the capital city, Harare. They collect the newspapers from the dispatch office on a dairy basis †¢ Agents. Newspapers are delivered to retails shops, service stations and book store nation wide, in totals there are 156 agents. They sell the newspapers on commission of 10% the cover price. They offer convenience for our readers as they are located close to them. †¢ Home deliveries. When customers subscribe to anyRead MoreCrowdfunding of Small Entrepreneurial Ventures10426 Words   |  42 PagesInternet, for the provision of financial resources either in form of donation or in exchange for some form of reward and/or voting rights in order to support initiatives for specific purposes†. In the meantime, several platforms have emerged that help intermediate between crowdfunders (those who invest in projects) and individuals with a project. One which has helped in making the concept famous is Sellaband.com. Launched in 2006, it acts as intermediary between new music bands and their fans, who can investRead MoreCrowdfunding of Small Entrepreneurial Ventures10415 Words   |  42 PagesInternet, for the provision of financial resources either in form of donation or in exchange for some form of reward and/or voting rights in order to support initiatives for specific purposes†. In the meantime, several platforms have emerged that he lp intermediate between crowdfunders (those who invest in projects) and individuals with a project. One which has helped in making the concept famous is Sellaband.com. Launched in 2006, it acts as intermediary between new music bands and their fans, who can investRead MoreTraining and Development Literature Review Essay14850 Words   |  60 Pagesservices industry†, The Learning Organization: An International Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 11-16. Chan, M.J., Pan, Z.D. and Lee, L.F.F. (2004), â€Å"Professional aspirations and job satisfaction: Chinese journalists at a time of change in the media†, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, Vol. 81 No. 2, pp. 254-73. Choo, S. (2005), â€Å"Determinants of monitoring capabilities in international franchising: foodservice firms within East Asia†, Asia-Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 22 No. 3, pp.Read MoreAbc System26363 Words   |  106 Pageson a ï ¬ rm’s activities to manufacture products, provide services, or facilitate manufacturing. A good costing system identiï ¬ es costs with activities that consume resources and assign resource costs to cost objects such as products, services, or intermediate cost pools based on activities performed for the cost objects. Resources, Activities, Resource Consumption Cost Drivers, and Activity Consumption Cost Drivers An activity is a speciï ¬ c task or action of work done. A resource is an economic elementRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesAnalytic skills Difficulty: Moderate 82) The U.S. economy today consists of a 70-30 services-to-goods mix. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 83) Place marketers include economic development specialists, real estate agents, commercial banks, local business associations, and advertising and public relations agencies. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 6 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 84) Properties are tangible rights of ownership to either real property (real estate) orRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesfocused on ethics towards animals, Nickell and Herzog (1996) found that whether students followed deontology accounted for variation in their reasoning. Bugeja (2001) reports a rise in ignorance pleas and defenses invoking a lack of intent among journalism students who thus imply innocence when they are caught cheating. Altschuler (2001) cites a Rutgers University focus group that noted that many students seemed to be blase ´ about plagiarism not seeing it as a true transgression (p. 15).

The Issue Of Medical Research - 1548 Words

Polio. Smallpox. Yellow Fever. All three of these diseases have been eradicated in America. How? Thanks to medical research, an antidote was found for each of these diseases. There is no question that medical research is important to the medical world. However, could countries do without extensive focus on medical research? America spends the most on healthcare and medical research out of any other country yet their life expectancy is not even close to being the highest. On top of its inefficiency in America, drug trials and animal testing have been scrutinized for being inhumane. Nevertheless, medical research is necessary to the improvement to health care everywhere, but there are improvements that can be made to increase its†¦show more content†¦A good example of this would be the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Through this private organization, Bill and Melinda Gates provide funding for cancer research and other types of medical research (Mathiesen). The only problem with Kealey s alternative is that research costs are rising every year because of the public pressure to find cures for many of the world s most pressing diseases such as cancer; and with rising costs, many private organizations will not be willing to increase their funding for research projects. This is why government funding is still necessary but can be reduced drastically with private funding. The good thing is that many research project leaders are looking to private companies now than looking to the government for funding. Many influential executives have already been giving out funds for research, only last year David Packard, of Hewlett Packard, left $4 billion to his research foundation. His thousands of philanthropic predecessors include Howard Hughes (whose foundation spent $332 million on research in 1991); W. M. Keck ($95 million); John D. Rockefeller (whose foundation funded both the discovery of DNA as the genetic messenger and the development of penicillin); and And rew Carnegie(Kealey). These men, known mostly for their business achievements, have contributed heavily to the research world and the ones that are still alive even give scholarships to help students pursue their own

1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico Free Essays

Abstract This is a critical analysis essay discussing one of historical financial crisis, with a major focus on its effects, causes, and lessons learnt. Selected historical financial crisis is ‘1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico.’ Introduction handles the genesis and description of the crisis with the main body discusses causes, effects and lesson learnt. We will write a custom essay sample on 1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conclusion summarizes the findings of the research. Introduction The â€Å"1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico† is referred to as â€Å"The December Mistake† (el error de Diciembre) in Spanish, a term that was derived by the then president Carlos Salinas de Gortari in indication of his successor Ernesto Zedillo’s abrupt turnaround of the earlier government’s policy of stiff money controls (Horowitz Ho, 2001). While many analysts concur that devaluation was essential for economic purposes, Salinas followers pointed out that the procedure was mismanaged at the political stage. The crisis broadly known as the Tequila crisis or the Mexican peso crisis was rooted by the abrupt devaluation of the Mexican peso in late 1994. According to Whitt (1996), in the early 1990s the Mexican financial organization appeared stable. It was increasing following the 1980s’â€Å"lost decade† (Whitt 1996). Furthermore, inflation was being abridged significantly, international investors were venturing capital into the nation, and billions of dollars had been accumulated by the central bank in reserves. Agreement to cap favorable trade condition with US (Mexico’s largest trade partner) was reached through NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement). However, in less than a year after NAFTA took effect, Mexico experienced economic calamity (Krooth, 1995). In December 1994, the Mexican administration devalued the peso. The economic crisis that ensued cut the peso’s worth by half, boosted inflation dilapidation rate, and initiated a harsh depression in Mexico. Causes of the crisis The basic causes of Economic Crisis in Mexico in 1994 are normally ascribed to Salinas de Gortari’s strategy decisions while in presidency, which eventually stressed the nation’s economies. As in the previous election sequences, a pre-election outlook to motivate the financial system, momentarily and untenably, ensuing a post-election financial instability. The causes of the crisis involved over-valuation of exchange rate and the then account deficit in the Mexican financial system (Purcell, 1998). With these predicaments, numerous additional issues assisted to trigger the crisis: a) elections were conventionally linked to devaluation, b) the increase in American interest rates, c) lack of investor assurance due to politically associated assassinations, d) slack monetary regulations in reaction to the decrease in foreign money flows, e) extension of quasi-fiscal costs via development financial institutions credits, and f) changing fiscal borrowing to temporary, dollar-o riented instruments (Purcell, 1998). Garber Lall (1996) notes that several diverse issues could be given as causes of the crisis, but in broad it is the consequence of an unmitigated era of over speculation, concerning both local and international investors. It is evident that during 1994, there were numerous indicators signifying a peso collapse was forthcoming. Most noteworthy was the decrease of foreign exchange reserves, falling from $26B in early 1994, down to a perilously low $2B just prior the American bailout. Subsequently, approximately 80% of the $85B ventured in the country from 1991 to mid-1994 was in the shape of portfolio venture, making just 20% in the type of straight investment. Lastly was the extremely obvious and apparent change from the administration bonds oriented in pesos (the cetes) to those oriented in dollars (tesobonos) for several months. The figure below displays the decline trend. Fig 1. 1994 Reserves, Cetes and Tesobonos in Mexico Effects of the crisis Even though mainstream economists are sensitive to the idea; there is no refuting that Mexico underwent dejection in 1995, as apparent in the fall of GDP of 6.9%. This was at least compared with a decline of 8.6% of GDP per capita (Fig. 2: below). From the eruption of the peso disaster in 1994 December up to February 1995 the worth of the Mexican money had dropped by over fifty percent and inflation had risen to 52% in 1995 from 7% in 1994 (Edwards Mishkin, 1995). The financial crisis brought about the fall of Mexico’s domestic market, compelling consumption to decrease considerably. As pointed out by Baddeley (2010), there was also a harsh shortage of credit as internal financial institutions struggled with bad loans and wanted to establish reserves following their near collapse in 1994. This meant a virtual loss of credit for SMEs. Although it had started in 1993, this auxiliary enforced the barzonista campaign which was an association of debtors, a lot of whom were farmers, necessitating renegotiation of their amount overdue (Edwards Mishkin, 1995). The official joblessness rate rose to a peak of almost 8% in the third quarter of 1995 after being approximately 3% in December 1994 and hanging approximately 6% through much of the dejection period. Although the bureaucrat rate more than two folded in the first half of 1995, it was rather unfair and not an efficient measure. Fig. 2: GDP and GDP per capita Lessons Learnt The first lesson learnt from the 1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico is how hazardous a pegged exchange rate government can be for the up-and-coming market nations. It is obvious that in up-and-coming market nations, a speculative approach on the exchange term that consequence in devaluation can have distressing results on the financial system by destabilizing information flows in economic markets (Diamond, 1984). The second lesson that can be derived from the experience of the Tequila Crisis involves supervision of banking systems. Strong prudential administration of the banking structure is vital to the fitness of up-and-coming market economies and the avoidance of economic crises. Evidently, good prudential monitoring is significant to developed countries (Diamond, 1984). However, since the outcomes of poor prudential monitoring are so catastrophic in up-and-coming market countries, good prudential monitoring is even more significant in these industrialized countries. The last lesson is that conventional measures employed in industrialized nations to extirpate themselves from economic crises may be retro progressive in rising market countries. In developed nations, the standard recommendation for emerging from an economic predicament is for the central bank to be a loaner of final resort and to seek expansionary financial policy. Conclusion The crisis is broadly known as the Tequila crisis or the Mexican peso crisis and was caused by the abrupt devaluation. The causes of the crisis involved over-valuation of exchange rate and the then account deficit in the Mexican financial system. There are three lessons that can be learnt from the crisis: a pegged exchange rate government is dangerous; Strong prudential administration of the banking structure is vital to the fitness for developing economies; and traditional measures used in industrialized countries may not fit emerging markets countries. REFERENCES: Baddeley, A. (2010). International financial crisis. Recent advances in learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-90). New York: Academic Press Diamond, D. (1984). Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Review of Economic Studies 51,393-414. Edwards, F. Mishkin, F.S. (1995). The decline of traditional banking: Implications for financial stability and regulatory policy. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review 1(3), 27-45 Garber, P.M. Lall, S. (1996). The role and operation of derivative markets in foreign exchange crises. Brown University, Department of Economics, Providence, RI. Horowitz, S., Ho, U. (2001). The political economy of international financial crisis: interest groups, ideologies and institutions. Singapore, ISEAS. Krooth, R. (1995). Mexico, NAFTA and the Hardships of Progress, McFarland, North Carolina. Purcell, S. K. (1998). Mexico under Zedillo. Boulder [u.a.], Lynne Rienner. Whitt, Jr. A. J. (1996). The Mexican Peso Crisis. Economic Review. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Oxford University Press. Appendix How to cite 1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico, Essay examples

The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior in Electron Sector

Introduction Advertisers and marketers in the recent years have exploited social media as an increasing platform for product and service advertising. This is because of the capacity of the social media to go beyond the limits of a company’s web pages, the ability of social media to enhance awareness of a product through attraction, as opposed to interruption, and the advantage of reaching a wider target market that would be difficult and expensive to reach using other models of advertising.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior in Electron Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A considerable amount of academic research has been conducted into the Impact of social media on consumer behavior. Such research has found a number of variables, which moderate the effectiveness of social media in product and service image and consumer awareness enhancement. Statement o f the Problem and Research Objectives Despite availability of considerable amount of academic research on the impacts of social media on consumer behavior, very little efforts have been directed towards examining its impacts on consumers within the electronic sector. As such, the implications of social media on consumer behavior in the electronic sector remain unclear. This study aims at examining the impact of social media on consumer behavior in the electronic sector and thereby, bridging this gap in literature. This study will also seek to examine the following objectives To investigate the impact of social media on electronics’ brand perceptions and intentions to purchase To critique literature on e-consumer behaviour, focusing on its five major dimensions: functional attributes, social factors, experiential aspects, situational factors, and consumer traits in electronics sector. To present the results from this primary research and discuss the implications of social med ia on consumer behavior in the electronic sector. List of Literatures A comprehensive review of both theoretical and empirical literature will constitute the literature review. This will draw an analysis of recent research articles on consumer behavior, consumer psychology and brand management. Brief Outline and Research plan The research paper will have a detailed outline that will seek to examine this research topic. It will comprise of an introduction, purpose of the study and problem background that will seek to provide background, significance of the study, scope of the study and limitations. The second chapter will provide an analysis of relevant literatures in the field. In the research methodology, data will be collected first and theories developed after data analysis is carried out. The research conducted will be a clear case of a case study strategy, where a questionnaire will be replicated and the items in the questionnaire measured (Ozgener Iraz, 2005). Case study met hodology includes both single and multiple or collective case studies (Stake, 1994; Yin, 2003).Advertising Looking for proposal on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Stake (1994), the latter may result in a fuller picture of the phenomenon of interest. In order to provide an enhanced understanding of the experiences of consumers in electronic sector, this research examined multiple case studies. The analytic strategy will be adopted in the analysis of data that will include strategies for exploratory qualitative studies. Data generated will be analyzed qualitatively. To carry out a comparative analysis on measure the differences in quality between these two radiology programs, a measure of correlation and dependence will be employed. The conclusion will summarize the main points addressed by the research paper, provide recommendations and future research. References Aaker, D.A. 1996. Building S trong Brands. New York: The Free Press. Aaker, J. L. 1997. Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research 34(3): 347–356. Ahuvia, A.C. 2005. Beyond the extended self: Loved objects and consumers’ identity narratives. Journal of Consumer Research 32(1): 171–184. Arnould, E. J, Thompson, C. J. 2005. Consumer culture theory (CCT): twenty years of research. Journal of Consumer Research 31(4): 868–882.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior in Electron Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Govers, P.C.M, and Schoormans, J.P.L. 2005. Product personality and its influence on consumer preference. Journal of Consumer Marketing 22(4): 189–197. Keller, K.L. 2008. Strategic Brand Management. Pearson Education. NJ: Upper Saddle River. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods. Newbury Park: Sage. Stake, R. E. (19 94). Case studies: Handbook of qualitative research. London: Sage. Ozgener, B and Iraz, N. (2005). Research methods for business students. Prentice Hall: London This proposal on The Impact of Social Media on Consumer Behavior in Electron Sector was written and submitted by user Sasha Carroll to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Airbus in Alabama

Airbus in Alabama Most manufacturing companies that serve customers globally ensure that they have manufacturing plants in various parts of the world. The manufacturing plants in foreign locations improve the efficiency of the company’s services in these locations. Manufacturing companies may use the manufacturing plants in foreign locations to counter competition in these locations (Miltenburg, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Airbus in Alabama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Airbus attempts to use this strategy to conquer the lucrative American civil aviation market. The company intends to set up a manufacturing plant in Alabama. Alabama is the home of Boeing, Airbus’ main rival. The plant in Alabama would help in catering for large orders from American customers. Alabama is the first US site of Airbus. The company has three plants worldwide. Airbus has two plants in Europe and one plant in Asia. The European plants are in Toulouse, France, and Hamburg, Germany. The Asian plant is in Tianjin, China. The American plant will cost approximately $600 million. Upon completion, the plant would create 1,000 jobs. In addition, the plant will create 3,200 jobs during the construction phase (Kaczmarski, 2012). Airbus intends to use the Alabama plant to build relationships with American clients. By setting up a plant in Alabama, Airbus will increase competition in the civil aviation industry. Boeing will no longer be the only civil aviation manufacturer that has plants in the US. This would reduce the competitive edge of Boeing in the American market (Petrescu Petrescu, 2012). Therefore, the Alabama plant is critical to Airbus’ success in the American civil aviation industry. Airbus’ plant in Alabama will help in consolidating Alabama’s position as the aerospace production hub. The state of Alabama also hosts manufacturing plants of other multinational corporations. Vance is t he site of the first Daimler plant outside Germany that manufactures Mercedes-Benz cars. Daimler intends to invest $2 billion in the expansion of the plant in Vance (Kaczmarski, 2012). The Airbus plant in Mobile and the expansion of the Daimler plant in Vance would help in improving the economy of Alabama. According to the Governor of Alabama, the state strives to move away from low-end manufacturing to the manufacture of airplanes, rockets, and ships. Manufacture of airplanes, rockets, and ships would improve the economy of Alabama significantly (Kaczmarski, 2012). Alabama has several environmental factors that attract manufacturing plants to the state. The Alabama Industrial Development Training program is one of the factors that attract manufacturing plants to the state. The program helps in providing quality workforce to Alabama’s new and existing industries (Tollefson, Garrett Ingram, 1999).Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the abundance of highly trained employees creates a good environment for the success of manufacturing plants. The state of Alabama also has a right-to-work law. This law abolishes union security agreements. The law reduces the power of unions. In some instances, the activities of powerful unions may jeopardize the operations of a company (Holley, Jennings Wolters, 2011). In addition, Alabama provides various incentives to attract aerospace companies. The ‘Aviation Amendment’ grants tax exemptions to aerospace companies. Only ten other states provide a similar incentive to aerospace companies. These factors help in improving the business environment of Alabama (Kaczmarski, 2012). Setting a plant in Alabama would improve the competitiveness of Airbus. The company would use the plant to serve large orders of American customers. The Alabama plant would enable Airbus to benefit from the fa vorable business environment of the state. The plant is critical in Airbus’ effort to counter the market dominance of Boeing. References Holley, W.H., Jennings, K.M. Wolters, R.S. (2011). The labor relations process. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Kaczmarski, M. (2012). Regions: Americas US Airbus rolls into Alabama. Foreign Direct Investment, Aug/Sep, 1-2. Miltenburg, J. (2005). Manufacturing strategy: How to formulate and implement a winning plan. New York: Productivity Press. Petrescu, F.I. Petrescu, R.V. (2012). New aircraft ii. Norderstedt: Books on Demand.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Airbus in Alabama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tollefson, Garrett, R.L. Ingram, W.G. (1999). Fifty state systems of community colleges: Mission governance, funding and accountability. Johnson City, TN: The Overmountain Press.

Battle of Long Island in the American Revolution

Battle of Long Island in the American Revolution The Battle of Long Island was fought August 27-30, 1776 during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Following his successful capture of Boston in March 1776, General George Washington began shifting his troops south to New York City. Correctly believing the city to be the next British target, he set about preparing for its defense. This work had commenced in February under the guidance of  Major General Charles Lee and continued under the supervision of Brigadier General William Alexander, Lord Stirling in March. Despite the efforts, a lack of manpower meant that the planned fortifications were not complete by late spring. These included a variety of redoubts, bastions, and Fort Stirling overlooking the East River. Reaching the city, Washington established his headquarters in the former home of Archibald Kennedy on Broadway near Bowling Green and began devising a plan to hold the city. As he lacked naval forces, this task proved difficult as New Yorks rivers and waters would permit the British to outflank any American positions. Realizing this, Lee lobbied Washington to abandon the city. Though he listened to Lees arguments, Washington decided to remain at New York as he felt the city possessed significant political importance. Armies Commanders Americans General George Washingtonapprox. 10,000 men British General William Howeapprox. 20,000 men Washingtons Plan To defend the city, Washington divided his army into five divisions, with three at the south end of Manhattan, one at Fort Washington (northern Manhattan), and one on Long Island. The troops on Long Island were led by Major General Nathanael Greene. A capable commander, Greene was struck down by with fever in the days before the battle and command devolved to Major General Israel Putnam. As these troops moved into position, they continued work on the citys fortifications. On Brooklyn Heights, a large complex of redoubts and entrenchments took shape that included the original Fort Stirling and ultimately mounted 36 guns. Elsewhere, hulks were sunk to deter the British from entering the East River. In June the decision was made to construct Fort Washington at the northern end of Manhattan and Fort Lee across in New Jersey to prevent passage up the Hudson River. Howes Plan On July 2, the British, led by General William Howe and his brother Vice Admiral Richard Howe, began arriving and made camp on Staten Island. Additional ships arrived throughout the month adding to the size of the British force. During this time, the Howes attempted to negotiate with Washington but their offers were consistently rebuffed. Leading a total of 32,000 men, Howe prepared his plans for taking New York while his brothers ships secured control of the waterways around the city. On August 22, he moved around 15,000 men across the Narrows and landed them at Gravesend Bay. Meeting no resistance, British forces, led by Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis, advanced to Flatbush and made camp. Moving to block the British advance, Putnams men deployed onto a ridge known as the Heights of Guan. This ridge was cut by four passes at Gowanus Road, Flatbush Road, Bedford Pass, and Jamaica Pass. Advancing, Howe feinted towards Flatbush and Bedford Passes causing Putnam to reinforce these positions. Washington and Putnam hoped to entice the British into mounting costly direct assaults on the heights before pulling their men back into the fortifications on Brooklyn Heights. As the British scouted the American position, they learned from local Loyalists that Jamaica Pass was only defended by five militiamen. This information was passed to Lieutenant General Henry Clinton who devised an attack plan using this route. The British Attack As Howe discussed their next steps, Clinton had his plan for moving through Jamaica Pass at night and flanking the Americans put forward. Seeing an opportunity to crush the enemy, Howe approved the operation. To hold the Americans in place while this flank attack was developing, a secondary attack would be launched near Gowanus by Major General James Grant. Approving this plan, Howe set it in motion for the night of August 26/27. Moving through Jamaica Pass undetected, Howes men fell upon Putnams left wing the following morning. Breaking under British fire, American forces began retreating toward the fortifications on Brooklyn Heights (Map). On the far right of the American line, Stirlings brigade defended against Grants frontal assault. Advancing slowly to pin Stirling in place, Grants troops took heavy fire from the Americans. Still not fully grasping the situation, Putnam ordered Stirling to remain in position despite the approach of Howes columns. Seeing disaster looming, Washington crossed to Brooklyn with reinforcements and took direct control of the situation. His arrival was too late to save Stirlings brigade. Caught in a vise and fighting desperately against overwhelming odds, Stirling was slowly forced back.   As the bulk of his men withdrew, Stirling led a force Maryland troops in rearguard action that saw them delay the British before being captured. Their sacrifice allowed the remainder of Putnams men to escape back to Brooklyn Heights. Within the American position at Brooklyn, Washington possessed around 9,500 men. While he knew that the city could not be held without the heights, he was also aware that Admiral Howes warships could cut his lines of retreat to Manhattan. Approaching the American position, Major General Howe elected to begin building siege lines rather than directly assaulting the fortifications. On August 29, Washington realized the true danger of the situation and ordered a withdrawal to Manhattan. This was conducted during the night with Colonel John Glovers regiment of Marblehead sailors and fisherman manning the boats. Aftermath The defeat at Long Island cost Washington 312 killed, 1,407 wounded, and 1,186 captured. Among those captured were Lord Stirling and Brigadier General John Sullivan. British losses were a relatively light 392 killed and wounded. A disaster for American fortunes in New York, the defeat at Long Island was the first in a string of reverses which culminated in the British capture of the city and surrounding area. Badly defeated, Washington was forced retreat across New Jersey that fall, finally escaping into Pennsylvania. American fortunes finally changed for the better that Christmas when Washington won a needed victory at the Battle of Trenton.